精密機械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)是一(yi)種用加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)機械(xie)(xie)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)外形尺(chi)寸或者性能(neng)進(jin)行改變的(de)(de)(de)過程，按被(bei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)處(chu)于(yu)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)度狀(zhuang)態，在(zai)進(jin)行使用時可以分為冷加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)熱(re)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。一(yi)般在(zai)常溫(wen)下加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，并且不引起工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)化(hua)學或物(wu)相變化(hua)，稱冷加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

　　精(jing)密機(ji)械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)一般(ban)在高于或者是低于常溫狀態的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，這(zhe)樣就會直接(jie)引起(qi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的化學或者是物相變化，被稱為熱加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。冷(leng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)按加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方式的差(cha)別可分為切削加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和壓力加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。熱加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)常見有熱處理，鍛造，鑄造和焊接(jie)。

　　首先是(shi)對材(cai)料硬(ying)度(du)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)(qiu)，對有些(xie)場合來(lai)說，材(cai)料是(shi)硬(ying)度(du)越(yue)高越(yue)好(hao)，只是(shi)限于加工機(ji)件(jian)的(de)(de)硬(ying)度(du)要求(qiu)(qiu)，加工的(de)(de)材(cai)料不能太(tai)硬(ying)，如(ru)果比機(ji)件(jian)還硬(ying)是(shi)無法加工的(de)(de)。

　　精(jing)密機械加工的操作步(bu)驟

　　1.光整加(jia)(jia)工(gong)：這個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)原(yuan)則大致就是一些打磨拋(pao)光的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，它通常是在產品全部完成架(jia)構(gou)之后(hou)進行的步驟。

　　2.先面(mian)后孔：在進行精(jing)密(mi)機(ji)械零件的(de)時候，對于(yu)支(zhi)架這樣的(de)工(gong)件來說，它既要進行平(ping)面(mian)加(jia)工(gong)又(you)要機(ji)械孔加(jia)工(gong)，為(wei)了加(jia)工(gong)出來的(de)孔的(de)精(jing)度誤差(cha)更(geng)小一些，先加(jia)工(gong)平(ping)面(mian)后加(jia)工(gong)孔有利于(yu)減(jian)小誤差(cha)。

　　3.劃分(fen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段：產(chan)品在(zai)精密機(ji)械零(ling)件的時(shi)候，根據(ju)不同(tong)的產(chan)品要(yao)求要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)不同(tong)程(cheng)度的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)度需要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)劃分(fen)，如果對精度要(yao)求不高(gao)，那么進行(xing)(xing)(xing)一個簡單的粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段就行(xing)(xing)(xing)了。產(chan)品的進度要(yao)求越(yue)來越(yue)嚴格，后續就要(yao)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)半精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)階段。

　　4.基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)先(xian)行(xing)：在使用機械設備對產(chan)品進(jin)行(xing)加工的時候，**要(yao)確定一個(ge)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面，這樣(yang)在后(hou)續的加工時候才能有一個(ge)定位(wei)參考(kao)，確定基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面之后(hou)，然后(hou)就要(yao)先(xian)把基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面加工出來(lai)(lai)。在精密機械零件(jian)中，會有不少的工件(jian)并不是(shi)通過一次(ci)性的生(sheng)產(chan)出來(lai)(lai)的，而是(shi)當工件(jian)被(bei)生(sheng)產(chan)出來(lai)(lai)的時候，它只不過是(shi)一個(ge)大致的模型。

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