機械零部件(jian)(jian)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)處理(li)原(yuan)則具體(ti)有(you)以下方(fang)面(mian)，為了保(bao)證加工(gong)(gong)(gong)精度，粗、精加工(gong)(gong)(gong)盡量(liang)分開進行。因為粗加工(gong)(gong)(gong)時，切(qie)削量(liang)大(da)，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)所受切(qie)削力(li)、夾緊力(li)大(da)，發(fa)熱量(liang)多，以及加工(gong)(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)有(you)較(jiao)顯著的(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)硬(ying)化現(xian)象，工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)內部存(cun)在(zai)著較(jiao)大(da)的(de)內應(ying)力(li)。

　　如(ru)果粗(cu)、粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)連(lian)續進行，則(ze)精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后的零件(jian)精(jing)度會(hui)因為應(ying)力的重新分布而(er)很快喪(sang)失。對(dui)于某些加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)精(jing)度要(yao)求高的零件(jian)。在粗(cu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)后和精(jing)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)之(zhi)前，還應(ying)安排低溫退火或(huo)時效(xiao)處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)序來消(xiao)除內應(ying)力。

　　在機(ji)械零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)加工工藝路線中(zhong)，常安排有熱處(chu)理工序(xu)(xu)。熱處(chu)理工序(xu)(xu)位置的安排如下：為改善金屬的切削加工性能(neng)，如退火、正火、調質等，一般安排在機(ji)械零(ling)部(bu)件(jian)加工前進行。

　　為消除內應(ying)力，如(ru)時(shi)效處理、調質處理等，一般安(an)排在(zai)粗(cu)加(jia)工之(zhi)后，精加(jia)工之(zhi)前進(jin)行(xing)。機械零部件(jian)加(jia)工中手(shou)柄、手(shou)輪、按(an)鈕(niu)的(de)(de)(de)結構(gou)和排列位置要符合(he)規定(ding)。啟動按(an)鈕(niu)應(ying)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)機殼內或裝(zhuang)設防止(zhi)意外觸動的(de)(de)(de)護(hu)環。安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)軸桿上的(de)(de)(de)手(shou)輪、手(shou)柄，在(zai)自動進(jin)刀時(shi)，會(hui)隨軸轉(zhuan)動傷(shang)人，因此應(ying)安(an)裝(zhuang)自動脫出裝(zhuang)置。

　　合理地選用設備。粗加工(gong)(gong)主要(yao)是切掉大部(bu)分(fen)(fen)加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)，并不(bu)要(yao)求有(you)較(jiao)高的(de)加工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)度(du)，所以粗加工(gong)(gong)應在(zai)功(gong)率較(jiao)大、精(jing)(jing)度(du)不(bu)太高的(de)機(ji)床上(shang)進行，精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序則(ze)要(yao)求用較(jiao)高精(jing)(jing)度(du)的(de)機(ji)床加工(gong)(gong)。粗、精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)分(fen)(fen)別在(zai)不(bu)同的(de)機(ji)床上(shang)加工(gong)(gong)，既能充分(fen)(fen)發揮設備能力，又能延長精(jing)(jing)密機(ji)床的(de)使用壽命。

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