機械(xie)加(jia)工方(fang)法：

1.車(che)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。(1)車(che)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)內(nei)容。天津機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)介紹車(che)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)是在車(che)床上利用(yong)車(che)刀對工(gong)(gong)件(jian)得(de)旋轉(zhuan)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)進行切削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)方法。天津機械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)指出(chu)它(ta)主要得(de)用(yong)來加(jia)工(gong)(gong)各種軸(zhou)類(lei)(lei)、套筒類(lei)(lei)及(ji)(ji)盤(pan)類(lei)(lei)零件(jian)上得(de)旋轉(zhuan)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)和螺(luo)旋面(mian)(mian)(mian)， 其中包括內(nei)外得(de)圓柱(zhu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)、內(nei)外圓錐面(mian)(mian)(mian)、內(nei)外螺(luo)紋、成(cheng)型回(hui)轉(zhuan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)、端面(mian)(mian)(mian)、溝槽以及(ji)(ji)滾花等(deng)。(2)車(che)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)特(te)點(dian)。車(che)削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)特(te)點(dian)是: 加(jia)工(gong)(gong)范(fan)圍(wei)廣(guang)，適(shi)應性強(qiang)，不但(dan)可(ke)以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)鋼、鑄鐵及(ji)(ji)其得(de)合(he)金還可(ke)以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)銅、鋁等(deng)得(de)有色金屬和某(mou)些非金屬材料，不但(dan)可(ke)以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)單(dan)一軸(zhou)線(xian)得(de)零件(jian)也可(ke)以加(jia)工(gong)(gong)曲(qu)軸(zhou)、偏心輪或盤(pan)形凸(tu)輪等(deng)多軸(zhou)線(xian)得(de)零件(jian)。

2.銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)。(1)銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內容(rong)。主(zhu)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)運動是刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旋轉。臥銑時，平面(mian)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成是由(you)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外園面(mian)上得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)刃形(xing)成得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)；立銑時，平面(mian)是由(you)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)刃形(xing)成得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉速(su)可以獲得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)較高(gao)(gao)(gao)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)速(su)度(du)，因此(ci)生產(chan)率較高(gao)(gao)(gao)。但由(you)于銑刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)齒得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)切(qie)入、切(qie)出會形(xing)成沖擊，切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)過程(cheng)容(rong)易產(chan)生振動，因而(er)限制了表面(mian)質量得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)。這種沖擊，也(ye)加(jia)劇了刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損(sun)和破損(sun)，往往導致硬質合金刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)片(pian)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)碎裂。 (2)銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)。銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)具體(ti)如下：①生產(chan)率較高(gao)(gao)(gao)；②銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)過程(cheng)不(bu)平穩(wen)；③刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)齒散熱(re)較好。因此(ci)，銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)時，若采(cai)用切(qie)削(xue)(xue)(xue)液對刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具進(jin)行冷卻，則必 須連續澆注，以免(mian)產(chan)生較大得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)應力(li)。(3)選擇(ze)銑削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)得(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)：①工(gong)(gong)藝簡單(dan)；②通用性好；③刨床、刨刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)結(jie)構簡單(dan)，操作也(ye)簡單(dan)。

3.刨削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工。(1)刨削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工得(de)內(nei)容。刨削(xue)(xue)是使用(yong)(yong)刨刀在刨床(chuang)上進(jin)行切削(xue)(xue)加(jia)工得(de)方法，主要用(yong)(yong)來加(jia)工各種(zhong)平(ping)面(mian)、溝槽(cao)和(he)齒(chi)條、直齒(chi)輪、 花鍵等母(mu)線(xian)是直線(xian)得(de)成型面(mian)。刨削(xue)(xue)比(bi)銑削(xue)(xue)平(ping)穩，但加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)較(jiao)低，其加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)一般為(wei)IT10～IT8， 表面(mian)粗糙度(du)為(wei)Ra6.3～1.6μm。磨(mo)削(xue)(xue)以砂輪或其它磨(mo)具(ju)對工件進(jin)行加(jia)工，其主運(yun)動是砂輪得(de)旋轉。

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