1.機械(xie)加工的處理原則(ze)

機械加工的處理原則具體有三點，為：

(1)為(wei)了保證加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)精度，粗、精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)Z好的(de)分開(kai)進(jin)行。因為(wei)粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，切削量大，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件所受的(de)切削力(li)、夾緊力(li)大，發(fa)熱量多，以及加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)表面(mian)有較(jiao)顯著(zhu)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)硬化現(xian)象，工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)內部(bu)存在著(zhu)較(jiao)大的(de)內應(ying)(ying)力(li)，如果粗、粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)連續進(jin)行，則精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)的(de)零件的(de)精度會因為(wei)應(ying)(ying)力(li)的(de)重新(xin)分布而很快喪失。對于(yu)某些(xie)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度要求高的(de)零件。在粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)之后(hou)(hou)和精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前，還應(ying)(ying)安(an)排低溫(wen)退(tui)火或者時效處理工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序來消除內應(ying)(ying)力(li)。

(2)合理地(di)選(xuan)用設備(bei)。粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是切掉大部分(fen)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量，并(bing)不要(yao)(yao)求有較高(gao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)精度，所以粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)應在功(gong)率較大、精度不太(tai)高(gao)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床上進行，精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)工(gong)序則(ze)要(yao)(yao)求用較高(gao)精度的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床加(jia)(jia)工(gong)。粗(cu)、精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)分(fen)別在不同的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，既能充分(fen)發(fa)揮設備(bei)能力，又能延長精 密機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)使(shi)用壽命(ming)。

(3)在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝路線中，常安(an)(an)(an)排有熱處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。熱處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序位置的(de)安(an)(an)(an)排如(ru)下(xia)：為(wei)改善金屬的(de)切削(xue)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)能，如(ru)退火(huo)、正火(huo)、調質等，一(yi)般(ban)安(an)(an)(an)排在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)前(qian)進行。為(wei)消除內應力，如(ru)時(shi)效處(chu)理(li)(li)、調質處(chu)理(li)(li)等，一(yi)般(ban)安(an)(an)(an)排在(zai)(zai)粗加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)，精加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之前(qian)進行。為(wei)了提(ti)高零件的(de)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)性(xing)能，如(ru)滲碳(tan)、淬火(huo)、回火(huo)等，一(yi)般(ban)安(an)(an)(an)排在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)之后(hou)進行。如(ru)熱處(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)有較大(da)的(de)變形，還(huan)須(xu)安(an)(an)(an)排Z終加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序。

2.機械加工(gong)中(zhong)安 全(quan)注意事項

(1)便于操作，減少來回(hui)走(zou)動(dong)，避免不(bu)必要的彎腰(yao)、踮(dian)腳動(dong)作。

(2)定位準確(que)可(ke)靠(kao)，防止(zhi)稍有震動便產生誤(wu)動作。

(3)機(ji)床設備(bei)操(cao)作(zuo)件(jian)運(yun)動(dong)方向(xiang)和被操(cao)作(zuo)部件(jian)運(yun)動(dong)方向(xiang)要符合規定，并(bing)有簡易(yi)符號標志(zhi)。

(4)安設必要(yao)的互(hu)鎖(suo)機構，防止操作件產生不協調動作，以及多(duo)人(ren)操作時不協調出現的事(shi)故。

(5)手柄、手輪(lun)、按(an)鈕(niu)的(de)結構和(he)排列位置要符合規定。啟動(dong)按(an)鈕(niu)應安裝(zhuang)在(zai)機殼內(nei)或裝(zhuang)設防(fang)止意外(wai)觸動(dong)的(de)護環。安裝(zhuang)在(zai)軸(zhou)桿上的(de)手輪(lun)、手柄，在(zai)自動(dong)進刀時，會隨軸(zhou)轉動(dong)傷(shang)人，因此應安裝(zhuang)自動(dong)脫出裝(zhuang)置。

以上文章由天(tian)津機械加工,天津(jin)機加工,天津(jin)機(ji)床加工(gong)為您(nin)提供,詳情(qing)請(qing)點擊我們的網站://jmfzp.cn/